NIOS Class 12th Sociology English Medium Solve Assignment (TMA) 2021

 Sociology (331)

Tutor Marked Assignment

1. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words.

(a) Describe how a social system is an orderly and systematic arrangement of social interaction?

Ans:

It is necessary to understand the meaning of the word ‘system before analyzing the meaning of the term ‘social system’. System means an orderly arrangement of constituent units. In brief, the main features of the system are-

1. A system is made up of different parts.

2. There must be a systematic relationship between the parts.

3. Arrangement of these parts should create a pattern.

4. There is a functional relationship among the parts of a system.

5. All the parts create a new entity when they are functionally related.

After pursuing the meaning of system, we can now analyse the concept of the social system. A social system is an orderly and systematic arrangement of social interaction. Social system is made up of a plurality of individuals. They interact with others according to shared norms and meaning within the social system. There are various sub-systems of a social system (like political system, religious system, economic system, etc.). They interact with each other according to shared norms and meanings within the social system.

2. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words.

(a) How does custom preserve our culture and transmit to next generation? Explain with examples.

Ans:

Reflections on culture, heritage and preservation:

As CONDEPHAAT is charged with formulating cultural policy, it is important to understand commonsense meanings of the term in order to be better able to reach the most diverse public possible. This is relatively easy to do because commonsense notions of culture are part of our own understandings of the concept. Could one of you please give me a commonsense definition of culture?

EXAMPLE:

“For the majority of people culture is somehow intangible and far above ordinary things. It includes painting, music, theatre, and cinema.

3. Answer any one of the following in about 40-60 words.

(a) Explain how conflict is a social process, taking the example from your village/ Community?

Ans:

It is true indeed that conflict is but a social process, the reason being, in a conflict which takes place in a village or a community, not only a single person is involved in it….many people come together and try to solve the matter anyone and everyone could be under suspicion!! Let’s take an example of a theft in a village…let’s say that the landlord’s son has accused his neighbor of having stolen his cows…now there will be the gram panchayat to look up into the matter…gradually people will be questioned, witnesses will be summoned for and a first-hand account of all the events will be brought up… so this is a social process as many people are engaged and involved. There needs to be active participation from all the villagers.

4. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100 to 150 words.

(a) “Norms are an indispensable part of our life”. Discuss the statement with suitable examples from your daily life.

Ans:

There are norms characterizing fitting conduct for each social gathering. For instance, students, neighbors, and patients in a healing center are generally mindful of the standards overseeing conduct. Also, as the individual moves to start with one gathering then onto the next, their conduct changes in like manner. Norms provide order in the public eye.

“Societal norms is fundamental to the steadiness of a nation. Without a general, shared comprehension of the norms and desires of society, there would be uproar, regardless of whether talking about traffic issues or criminal issues.

Most steadfast social orders are steady on the grounds that the majority of the General population in them do what is anticipated from them. In spite of the fact that there is some worry for results, a great many people make the wisest decision” notwithstanding when there are no pessimistic outcomes for themselves. Changing societal norms is agonizing, however, it is important to advance or grow. The test is in how much change, how quickly, can be survived.

5. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100-150 words.

(a) Explain how norms are one of the important bases of social structure?

Ans:

social structure is the patterned social arrangements in society that are both emergent from and determinant of the actions of individuals. Likewise, society is believed to be grouped into structurally related groups or sets of roles, with different functions, meanings, or purposes. Examples of social structure include family, religion, law, economy, and class. It contrasts with “social system”, which refers to the parent structure in which these various structures are embedded. Thus, social structures significantly influence larger systems, such as economic systems, legal systems, political systems, cultural systems, etc.

Since the 1920s, the term has been in general use in social science, especially as a variable whose sub-components needed to be distinguished in relationship to other sociological variables, as well as in academic literature, as a result of the rising influence of structuralism. The concept of social stratification, for instance, uses the idea of social structure to explain that most societies are separated into different strata (levels), guided (if only partially) by the underlying structures in the social system. It is also important in the modern study of organizations, as an organization’s structure may determine its flexibility, capacity to change, etc. In this sense, the structure is an important issue for management.

On the macro scale, social structure pertains to the system of socioeconomic stratification (most notably the class structure), social institutions, or other patterned relations between large social groups. On the mesoscale, it concerns the structure of social networks between individuals or organizations. On the micro scale, social structure includes the ways in which norms shape the behavior of individuals within the social system. These scales are not always kept separate. For example, John Levi Martin has theorized that certain macro-scale structures are the emergent properties of micro-scale cultural institutions (ie, “structure resembles that used by anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss). Likewise, in ethnography, a recent study describes how indigenous social structure in the Republic of Panama changed macro-social structures and impeded a planned Panama Canal expansion. Marxist sociology has also historically mixed different meanings of social structure, though doing so by simply treating the cultural aspects of social structure as phenomenal of its economic ones.

6. Prepare any one project of the following projects given below.

(a) Visit any Club/ Cultural Associations/NGO in your locality that has organized any social/cultural programme. Please ask the main functionary of the organizing committee. List out at least 5 programmes in which different members cooperate each other and organise the programmes in a particular year. Write a detailed report of different activities performed by functionaries in these 5 programs.

Ans:

The design of an internship/volunteer program depends on both the interest and skill areas of the interns as well as requirements of the organization. The program gives you a chance to explore and contribute to the important aspects of running the organization. You can choose to be a part of activities ranging from public mobilization, research, field exposures, documentation to piloting project ideas, organizing events, or even putting into action your media advocacy skills. Volunteering/ interning is a great way to meet new people who think and feel like you. It can help you build on existing experience in the Amrit Foundation of India. This is an intensive engagement and no stipend is offered. The incidental costs pertaining to the assignment may be covered.

List out at least 5 programs in which different members cooperate each other and organise the programs in a particular year:

1. Meeting new people: (2005)

• Build linkages with newspapers and television so that the cause children with challenges can gain visibility in the media
• Help us impanel service providers in
  Delhi-NCR
• Help us plan and deliver a Special Event for children with challenges and their families