NIOS Class 12th Physics Notes in English Medium

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PHYSICS NOTES NIOS

Inertia – The Property of an object by which it resists it’s change in state of rest or motion is called inertia. 

FORCE – Force are often define as PUSH or PULL by which its change the state of rest or motion of the body

PROPERTY OF FORCE

LAWS OF MOTION

FIRST LAW OF MOTION –

Newton’s first law and therefore the first law of motion states that A body will remain its state of rest or motion during a line when no external force is working on a body.

SECOND LAW OF MOTION –

Newton’s second law and therefore the second law of motion states that the change in momentum of a body is directly proportional to internet force working on the system.

F=m*a

THIRD LAW OF MOTION –

Newton’s Third law of motion states that for each action there’s an equal and opposite reaction.

FRICTIONAL FORCE –

Whenever a body is move during a line with reference to another body an opposite force is working on the thing to prevent it’s motion this force is understood because the frictional force.

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM –
It is observe that whenever two or more bodies interact with each other the resultant of the

body remains unchanged. The mutual interaction is that the only force working on the bodies these sort of bodies is made thermal system.
According to law of conservation of Momentum the resultant of Momentum of two or more bodies inside the thermal system remains conserved within the absence of any net external force.
Example – Recoil of Gun – When the gun is at rest the entire momentum of the gun is zero and when gun fires the bullet there’s an interactive force between the bullet and gun and hence there total momentum remain conserved.

GAS LAWS FROM KINETIC THEORY
ASSUMPTIONS OF KINETIC THEORY OF GASES-
Although their number may vary, the core message is that the same. they’re as follows:

• The molecules of a specific gas are identical and in random motion.
• The collision between the molecules and therefore the refore the between them and the walls of the container are perfectly elastic
• The volume of a molecule is negligible, compared with the quantity of the container.
• There are not any intermolecular attractions between the molecules.
• The time taken for a collision between two molecules is negligible compared with the time taken for an equivalent between a molecule and therefore the wall.

BOYLE’S LAW –
it states that at constant temperature the pressure is inversely proportional to the quantity of the
gas.

P*1/v

CHARLES LAW-
It states that at constant pressure the quantity of the gas is directly proportional to its temperature .
V*T

GAY LUSSAC’S LAW –
It states that at constant volume the Pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature.
P*T

AVOGADRO’S LAW –
It states that At constant Pressure and temperature, the perfect gases having equal volume contains same number of molecules.


DALTON’S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURE –
According to Dalton’s law of partial pressure the entire pressure exerted by the gaseous mixture is adequate to the sum of the partial pressure exerted on the system, if the parts of the gas occupied same space successively .

GRAHAM’S LAW OF DIFFUSION OF GASES –
According to Graham’s law of diffusion of gases the speed of diffusion of gases through a porous portion is inversely proportional to face of its density.