Geography (316)
Tutor Marked Assignment (2021-22)
20% Marks Of Theory
For PDF Click on the WhatsApp button below
1. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words.
(b) In which form do you find the instability of earth surface? What kind of resemblance with landform do you find in your area?
Ans- Atmospheric instability is a condition where the Earth’s atmosphere is generally considered to be unstable and as a result the weather is subjected to a high degree of variability through distance and time. Atmospheric stability is a measure of the atmosphere’s tendency to discourage or deter vertical motion, and vertical motion is directly correlated to different types of weather systems and their severity. In unstable conditions, a lifted thing, such as a parcel of air will be warmer than the unstabi surrounding air at altitude. Because it is warmer, it is less dense and is prone to further ascent.
A landform is a feature on the Earth’s surface that is part of the terrain, Mountains, hills, plateaus, and plains are the four major types of landforms. Minor landforms include buttes, canyons, valleys, and basins.
2. Answer any one out of the following questions in about 40 to 60 words.
(a) How does the flow of energy works in an ecosystem?
Ans- The
largest source of energy for an ecosystem is the sun. Energy that is not used
in an ecosystem is eventually lost as heat. Energy and nutrients are passed
around t through the food chain, when one organism eats another organism.
The cycle of energy is based on the flow of energy through different trophic levels in an ecosystem. Our ecosystem is maintained by the cycling energy and nutrients obtained from different external sources. At the first trophic level, primary producers use solar energy to produce organic material through photosynthesis.
The herbivores at the second trophic level, use the plants as food which gives them energy. A large part of this energy is used up for the metabolic functions of these animals such as breathing, digesting food, supporting growth of tissues, maintaining blood circulation and body temperature.
The carnivores at the next trophic level, feed on the herbivores and derive energy for their sustenance and growth. If large predators are present, they represent still higher trophic level and they feed on carnivores to get energy. Thus, the different plants and animal species are linked to one another through food chains.
3. Answer any one out of the following questions in about 40 to 60 words.
(a) Despite of regional diversity, how can the ‘Monsoonal Unity’ be seen in India?
Ans- The Monsoonal Unity in India
Despite the
regional diversities in climatic conditions, it is obvious from the above
description that there exists a climatic unity in India. The climatic unity
means that weather conditions over different parts of India are more or less
the same during different seasons round the year leaving minor variations as
exceptions to the rule. Indian climate is called monsoon climate. It explains
how much influence the monsoon winds have in bringing this climatic unity. This
unity in climatic conditions results from the combined influence of regular
movements of monsoons or the seasonal winds and the bounding role of the
Himalayan mountain system.
The monsoonal unity of India caused by these twin factors is discernible. It reflects Upon the lifestyles and activities of the common masses in India. They are Rhythm of Seasons: The sequence of hot, wet, and cold seasons affects the lifestyles and economic activities of the people throughout India in the following ways:
1. The farmers all over India start their agricultural activities like ploughing of fields, sowing of seeds, transplantation etc.
2. The clothes are also affected by seasons. During summer, the people wear cotton clothes whereas the woollen clothes are used in winter season Especially in north and central India.
3. The rainted subsistence farming has been the oldest response of the village community. Its entire economy is based on it, howsoever meagre rain it may be.
4. Answer any one out of the following questions in about 100 to 150 words.
(a) Explain how globalization has impacted the agriculture in India?
Ans- Globalisation is usually demonstrated indicate the integration of the economy of the nation with the world economy, which is a multifaceted aspect. Globalisation is the final product of the collection of multiple strategies that are directed at. transforming the world towards greater interdependence and integration. It comprises the creation of networks and pursuits transforming social, economic and geographical barriers. Globalisation tries to construct links in such a manner that the events in India can be determined by events happening distances away.
Impact on agriculture :
- Globalisation is an old phenomenon.
- It started at the time of colonisation.
- In the nineteenth century when European traders came to India, during that time as well the Indian spices were exported to different countries of the world and farmers of south India were encouraged and enhanced to grow these crops.
- Till today, it is one of the major items of export from India.
- Under globalisation, majorly after 1990, the farmers in India have been exposed to new challenges and task.
- Despite being an important and major producer of rice, cotton, rubber, tea, coffee, jute and spices, our agricultural products are not able to compete with the developed countries due to the highly subsidised agriculture in other Foreign countries.
- Today, Indian agriculture marks itself at the crossroads.
- To make agriculture successful and profitable, proper and considerable amount of thrust should be given to the improvement of the condition of marginal and small farmers.
- Establishment of food processing industries, and increase in employment.
- One of the negative impacts of globalization on the Indian agriculture sector was the availability of lesser manpower in the fields as people started migrating to cities in search of jobs in different industries.
5. Answer any one out of the following questions in about 100 to 150 words.
(a) Explain the food cycle by citing examples of plants and animals found in your area.
Ans- The food
chain describes who eats whom in the wild. Every living thing-from one celled
algae to giant blue whales-needs food to survive. Each food chain is a possible
pathway that energy and nutrients can follow through the ecosystem.
For example, grass produces its own food from sunlight. A rabbit eats the grass. A fox cats the rabbit. When the fox dies, bacteria break down its body, returning it to the soil where it provides nutrients for plants like grass. Of course, many different animals eat grass, and rabbits can eat other plants besides grass, Foxes, in turn, can eat many types of animals and plants. Each of these living things can be a part of multiple food chains. All of the interconnected and overlapping food chains.
Food Chains:
Different habitats and ecosystems provide many possible food chains that make up a food web.
In one marine food chain, single-celled organisms called phytoplankton provide food for tiny shrimp called krill. Krill provide the main food source for the blue whale, an animal on the third trophic level. In a grassland ecosystem, a grasshopper might eat grass, a producer. The grasshopper might get eaten by a rat, which in turn is consumed by a snake. Finally, a hawk-an apex predator-swoops down and snatches up the snake.
In a pond, the autotroph might be algae. A mosquito larva eats the algae, and then perhaps a dragonfly larva eats the young mosquito. The dragonfly larva becomes Food for a fish, which provides a tasty meal for a raccoon.
6. Prepare any one project out of the given below:
(b) Discuss with elders in your family and neighbourhood and try to know that on which sources of water they were dependent for various activities. Try to know that what measures they were using to conserve water. On the basis of information received, make a list of resources used in present. Are these measures to conserve water still used? On the basis of this information prepare a report of 200 words to suggest measures of water conservation for your area.
Ans- 97.5% of the
world’s water is locked in seas and oceans, too salty for human use. And most
of the remaining 2.5% is in the ice caps.
So we humans depend on the tiny bit available as fresh water – an essential natural resource for life.
But we don’t just use water for drinking. We wash in it, clean with it, and use it to produce everything from clothing to food. Crop production Including feed for livestock and biofuels – is putting a great strain on fresh water supplies.
Save water, save our planet
Our water comes from rivers, lakes and sources like the Ladybower Reservoir in Derbyshire (pictured).
Climate breakdown is one of the
Biggest drivers of water shortages and is expected to heap even more pressure on our depleting supplies. People in England are facing shortages by 2050 unless we save water fast- according to the UK Environment Agency. Read on for ways to take action and save our water supplies.
1. Turn off the taps Don’t let your water consumption run out of control. Save 6 litres of water a minute by turning off your tap while you brush your teeth. Fix leaky taps too – and stop what could be 60 litres of water going straight down the drain every week.
2. Shower with less Every minute you spend in a power shower uses up to 17 litres of water. Set a timer on your phone to keep your showers short, sweet and water-saving. Switching to an efficient shower head will allow you to lather up in less water, which means you’ll save water and cut your bills.
3. Save up your dirty clothes Washing a full machine load of clothes uses less water and energy than 2 half-loads. This means lower bills as well.
4. Reduce food waste It takes a lot of water to produce our cereal, fruit and other food. More than half of the 7 million tonnes of food and drink UK households bin every year could be eaten. Wasting less food could save you £540 a year. Get some handy advice from Love Food Hate Waste, or get inspired by high-tech solutions to food waste from around the world.
5. Time your gardening Water outdoor plants in the early morning or at the end of the day to stop water immediately evaporating in sunlight and heat. Water the soil so that the liquid goes straight to the roots, where it’s needed. In a heatwave, animals need water too. Instead of watering your lawn, leave out a water-filled container, like a casserole dish, for birds to drink from and wash. Thirsty bees and other insects will need a saucer or bowl with water and stones in it.
6. Catch rainwater Installing water butts saves up to 5,000 litres of water a year. And your plants will thank you for rainwater rather than treated tap water. You can also cut water use by 33% by watering plants manually instead of usi automatic sprinklers.
7. Steam your veggies Steam your food to cut water usage and retain more of the natural nutrients. If you do boil, Try using the leftover water as a tasty stock for soups. Or let it cool and use it to water plants.
8. No more washing up Got a dishwasher? Fill it up completely each time you run it and you’ll use less water than you would doing the dishes by hand. Yes, even if you’re using a washing-up bowl. What better excuse to go and have a nice sit down? Find out more about the most water- and energy-efficient ways to run your appliances from the Energy Saving Trust.
9.Quality and seasonal eating Rearing animals for meat And dairy and harvesting crops like avocado at a large and unsustainable scale is incredibly water-intensive. By cutting down on meat and dairy and eating seasonal vegetables you’ll be helping to conserve water. You’ll also be helping to protect the climate. The meat and dairy industries are big contributors to global Warming.
10. Boil what you need Save water, money and energy by only boiling as many cups of water as you need.
For More information