NIOS Class 12th Home Science Solve Assignment (TMA) English Medium 2021

1. Answer any one of the following question in about 40-60 words

(a) The study of Home Science is an Art and Science. Explain both implications with two examples each.

Ans- Home Science deals with the scientific methods of handling the home management and it is related to the other branches of science as well. Some components of Home Science can be directly categorized under Science, like Nutrition and Human Development. 

On the other hand, other divisions of Home Science, like Family Resource Management can be counted among arts, due to the inclusion of needlework, home décor and clothing management. Therefore, this subject is rightly said to be a combination of science and arts.

2. Answer any one of the following question in about 40-60 words

(b) Explain two techniques by which you can increase certain vitamins and minerals in food even before cooking.

Ans- We should choose a diet made of nutrient-rich foods. Nutrient-rich (or nutrient dense) foods are low in sugar, sodium, starches, and bad fats. They contain a lot of vitamins and minerals and few calories. Our body needs vitamins and minerals, known as micronutrients. They nourish your body and help keep you healthy. They can reduce your risk for chronic diseases. Getting them through food ensures your body can absorb them properly.

Try to eat a variety of foods to get different vitamins and minerals. Foods that naturally are nutrient-rich include fruits and vegetables. Lean meats, fish, whole grains, dairy, legumes, nuts, and seeds also are high in nutrients.

3. Answer any one of the following question in about 40-60 words.

(a) What is the difference between the balanced diet and therapeutic diet? Which four changes will you make in the diet for a child having fever?

Ans- A therapeutic diet is designed to help with the healing process, while a special diet is usually a diet which avoids certain foods, often to prevent symptoms caused by food intolerance or allergy. The term also covers vegan, vegetarian, halal and kosher diets which are more a matter of preference (perhaps for religious reasons) than health. Having said that, therapeutic diets are included under the umbrella term “special diets”.

Diet for a child having fever :

• The diet usually prescribed is a high calorie, high protein, low fat, & a high fluid diet.
• The first two or 3 days can be more of a fluid diet consisting of soups, glucose water, juices, milk (only if there’s no diarrhea). Give small frequent meals at regular intervals, every 2 hrs which can be gradually increased to every 4 hrs.
• Include foods which are soft, bland, easily digested and absorbed like gruels, cereal and milk, soft fruits like banana, papaya, orange, musambi, melons etc. soft or mashed khichidi or mashed curd rice or softly boiled veggies can also be included,
• Protein intake of the diet should be increased, so it important to provide high nutritive value protein like milk, eggs & dhal.

4. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100 to 150 words.

(b) Identify four causes of child labour and juvenile delinquency in our society. Suggest four ways to tackle the condition at social and national level.

Ans- Even though youth crime rates have fallen since the mid-1990s, public fear and political rhetoric over the issue have heightened. The Columbine shootings and other sensational incidents add to the furor. Often overlooked are the underlying problems of child poverty, social disadvantage, and the pitfalls inherent to adolescent decision making that contribute to youth crime. From a policy standpoint, adolescent offenders are caught in the crossfire between nurturance of youth and punishment of criminals, between rehabilitation and “get tough” pronouncements. In the midst this emotional debate, the National Research Council’s Panel on Juvenile Crime steps forward with an authoritative review of the best available data and analysis. Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents recommendations for addressing the many aspects of America’s youth crime problem. 

This timely release discusses patterns and trends in crimes by children and adolescents—trends revealed by arrest data, victim reports, and other sources; youth crime within general crime; and race and sex disparities. The book explores desistance—the probability that delinquency or criminal activities decrease with age- and evaluates different approaches to predicting future crime rates.

Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents what we know and what we urgently need to find out about contributing factors, ranging from prenatal care, differences in temperament, and family influences to the role of peer relationships, the impact of the school policies toward delinquency, and the broader influences of the neighborhood and community. Equally important, this book examines a range of solutions:

Prevention and intervention efforts directed to individuals, peer groups, and families, as well as day care-, school and community-based initiatives.

• Intervention within the juvenile justice system.
• Role of the police.
• Processing and detention of youth offenders.
• Transferring youths to the adult judicial system.
• Residential placement of juveniles. 
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5. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100 to 150 words.

(a) You have Rs 10,000/- and you want to start your business of cloth dyeing from home. Answer the following in this regard.

(i) On which cloth or garment will you start your work? Why?

Ans- The truth is that clothing brands become successful in part because they’re created by people who are passionate about clothing.

But, a clothing brand needs more than just an exquisite apparel design to create a lasting business. It needs all the trappings of a successful business as well. Apparel retailers need to master marketing, manufacturing, and retailing, among other things. Fashion is amazing in the way it balances art and commerce, but it’s a business. Don’t start a business because you want to design. Start a business because you want to start a business.

(ii) Where do you want to deposit your income? Why?

Ans- The deposit rates on saving account keeps changing based on RBI’s revision of policy rates. Banks offer lower interest rates on saving account as compared to term deposits. It is because of this reason, investors opt for term deposit accounts. For example, you hold a fixed deposit (FD) of Rs 10,000 for a period of five years with the bank. In return, the bank pays you an interest at the rate of 10% per annum.

(iii) Make spending plan for your business.

Ans- Financial planning is the task of determining how a business will afford to achieve its strategic goals and objectives. Usually, a company creates a Financial Plan immediately after the vision and objectives have been set. The Financial Plan describes each of the activities, resources, equipment and materials that are needed to achieve these objectives, as well as the timeframes involved.

(iv) Design the management steps of your business.

Ans-

5 Simple Steps for Better Management

• Step 1: Visualize your main story. Take a step back from the business and visualize the main business story.
• Step 2: Identify your main assumptions.
• Step 3: Set your milestones and performance 
• Step 4: Manage your business’s cash.
• Step 5: Review, revise, repeat.
• And now, lo and behold, you have a business plan.

6. Prepare any one project out of the given below:

(b) Search by own study or through Internet and write any five tips for the following and demonstrate one.

(i) Organization of kitchen.

Ans- 

1. Implement Pegs using pegs to hang things on your wall, towels) for a Pretty look)

2. Learn to lave shelf organizer’s (organized Masterpiece)

3. Use contains and dividers (you’ll be able to Separate fortes from knives, Spot the sprier you need) for better accen

4. Create clear labels (it is helpful if you have Storage containers)

5. Clear out (tools you never use, tupperw are that is Missing) Spend an hour on this.

(ii) Cleaning of bathroom.

Ans-

5 Tips To Clean a Bathroom Fast and Efficiently

1. Remove all items from their usual spot. For best results, do this step for the entire bathroom instead of as you go.

2. Dust and sweep.

3. Apply cleaner to shower and bathtub.

4. Tackle other surfaces.

5. Mix cleaning solution for floor.

(iii) Good and bad effects of microwave.

Ans-

5 tips to Good and bad effects of microwave:

1. Plastic & metals

It goes without saying that metal plates, containers and cups should never be used to heat food in a microwave.

2. Water & food

There is now a consensus that there is no loss of nutritional value while cooking food in microwaves.

3. Foils & wraps

When it comes to foils and wraps, things are pretty easy and straightforward. Aluminium foil is okay as long as you don’t overheat the food for a really long time.

4. Quick & slow

Slow even cooking ensures a uniformly cooked meal, which is especially important while cooking red meat.

5. Cleaning tips

Avoid washing the inside of a microwave with too much water. Instead, you could use a wet tissue and a light sprinkling of mild soap.

(iv) Freezing of vegetables at home.

Ans-

5 tips for Freezing of vegetables at home:

1. Blanch then freeze. Blanching is when you steam or boil a vegetable briefly But do not fully cook it.

2. Flash freeze.

3. Juice it, zest it, freeze it.

4. Shred it.

5. Puree and freeze.

(v) Enhancing the self-confidence of school children.

Ans-

Enhancing the self-confidence of School Children: 

• Model confidence yourself. Even if you’re not quite feeling it!
• Don’t get upset about mistakes.
• Encourage them to try new things.
• Allow kids to fail.
• Praise perseverance.

(vi) Tracing a design for embroidery.

Ans- The tracing method is easiest to do on smooth fabric, and fabric that is light coloured. The first step is to print off your embroidery pattern (or trace it onto paper or tracing paper). If the fabric is fine enough, you might be able to place your fabric directly over your paper pattern and start tracing.